// -*- C++ -*- header.

// Copyright (C) 2008-2026 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
//
// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library.  This library is free
// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
// Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
// any later version.

// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.

// Under Section 7 of GPL version 3, you are granted additional
// permissions described in the GCC Runtime Library Exception, version
// 3.1, as published by the Free Software Foundation.

// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License and
// a copy of the GCC Runtime Library Exception along with this program;
// see the files COPYING3 and COPYING.RUNTIME respectively.  If not, see
// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

/** @file bits/atomic_base.h
 *  This is an internal header file, included by other library headers.
 *  Do not attempt to use it directly. @headername{atomic}
 */

#ifndef _GLIBCXX_ATOMIC_BASE_H
#define _GLIBCXX_ATOMIC_BASE_H 1

#ifdef _GLIBCXX_SYSHDR
#pragma GCC system_header
#endif

#include <bits/c++config.h>
#include <new> // For placement new
#include <bits/atomic_lockfree_defines.h>
#include <bits/move.h>

#if __cplusplus > 201703L && _GLIBCXX_HOSTED
#include <bits/atomic_wait.h>
#endif

#ifndef _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE
#define _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE inline __attribute__((__always_inline__))
#endif

#include <bits/version.h>

namespace std _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
{
_GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION

  /**
   * @defgroup atomics Atomics
   *
   * Components for performing atomic operations.
   * @{
   */

  /// Enumeration for memory_order
#if __cplusplus > 201703L
  enum class memory_order : int
    {
      relaxed,
      consume,
      acquire,
      release,
      acq_rel,
      seq_cst
    };

  inline constexpr memory_order memory_order_relaxed = memory_order::relaxed;
  inline constexpr memory_order memory_order_consume = memory_order::consume;
  inline constexpr memory_order memory_order_acquire = memory_order::acquire;
  inline constexpr memory_order memory_order_release = memory_order::release;
  inline constexpr memory_order memory_order_acq_rel = memory_order::acq_rel;
  inline constexpr memory_order memory_order_seq_cst = memory_order::seq_cst;
#else
  enum memory_order : int
    {
      memory_order_relaxed,
      memory_order_consume,
      memory_order_acquire,
      memory_order_release,
      memory_order_acq_rel,
      memory_order_seq_cst
    };
#endif

  /// @cond undocumented
  enum __memory_order_modifier
    {
      __memory_order_mask          = 0x0ffff,
      __memory_order_modifier_mask = 0xffff0000,
      __memory_order_hle_acquire   = 0x10000,
      __memory_order_hle_release   = 0x20000
    };
  /// @endcond

  constexpr memory_order
  operator|(memory_order __m, __memory_order_modifier __mod) noexcept
  {
    return memory_order(int(__m) | int(__mod));
  }

  constexpr memory_order
  operator&(memory_order __m, __memory_order_modifier __mod) noexcept
  {
    return memory_order(int(__m) & int(__mod));
  }

  /// @cond undocumented

  // Drop release ordering as per [atomics.types.operations.req]/21
  constexpr memory_order
  __cmpexch_failure_order2(memory_order __m) noexcept
  {
    return __m == memory_order_acq_rel ? memory_order_acquire
      : __m == memory_order_release ? memory_order_relaxed : __m;
  }

  constexpr memory_order
  __cmpexch_failure_order(memory_order __m) noexcept
  {
    return memory_order(__cmpexch_failure_order2(__m & __memory_order_mask)
      | __memory_order_modifier(__m & __memory_order_modifier_mask));
  }

  constexpr bool
  __is_valid_cmpexch_failure_order(memory_order __m) noexcept
  {
    return (__m & __memory_order_mask) != memory_order_release
	&& (__m & __memory_order_mask) != memory_order_acq_rel;
  }

  // Base types for atomics.
  template<typename _IntTp>
    struct __atomic_base;

  /// @endcond

  _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE void
  atomic_thread_fence(memory_order __m) noexcept
  { __atomic_thread_fence(int(__m)); }

  _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE void
  atomic_signal_fence(memory_order __m) noexcept
  { __atomic_signal_fence(int(__m)); }

  /// kill_dependency
  template<typename _Tp>
    inline _Tp
    kill_dependency(_Tp __y) noexcept
    {
      _Tp __ret(__y);
      return __ret;
    }

/// @cond undocumented
#if __glibcxx_atomic_value_initialization
# define _GLIBCXX20_INIT(I) = I
#else
# define _GLIBCXX20_INIT(I)
#endif
/// @endcond

#define ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(_VI) { _VI }

  template<typename _Tp>
    struct atomic;

  template<typename _Tp>
    struct atomic<_Tp*>;

    /* The target's "set" value for test-and-set may not be exactly 1.  */
#if __GCC_ATOMIC_TEST_AND_SET_TRUEVAL == 1
    typedef bool __atomic_flag_data_type;
#else
    typedef unsigned char __atomic_flag_data_type;
#endif

  /// @cond undocumented

  /*
   *  Base type for atomic_flag.
   *
   *  Base type is POD with data, allowing atomic_flag to derive from
   *  it and meet the standard layout type requirement. In addition to
   *  compatibility with a C interface, this allows different
   *  implementations of atomic_flag to use the same atomic operation
   *  functions, via a standard conversion to the __atomic_flag_base
   *  argument.
  */
  _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_EXTERN_C

  struct __atomic_flag_base
  {
    __atomic_flag_data_type _M_i _GLIBCXX20_INIT({});
  };

  _GLIBCXX_END_EXTERN_C

  /// @endcond

#define ATOMIC_FLAG_INIT { 0 }

  /// atomic_flag
  struct atomic_flag : public __atomic_flag_base
  {
    atomic_flag() noexcept = default;
    ~atomic_flag() noexcept = default;
    atomic_flag(const atomic_flag&) = delete;
    atomic_flag& operator=(const atomic_flag&) = delete;
    atomic_flag& operator=(const atomic_flag&) volatile = delete;

    // Conversion to ATOMIC_FLAG_INIT.
    constexpr atomic_flag(bool __i) noexcept
      : __atomic_flag_base{ _S_init(__i) }
    { }

    _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE bool
    test_and_set(memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept
    {
      return __atomic_test_and_set (&_M_i, int(__m));
    }

    _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE bool
    test_and_set(memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept
    {
      return __atomic_test_and_set (&_M_i, int(__m));
    }

#ifdef __glibcxx_atomic_flag_test // C++ >= 20
    _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE bool
    test(memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept
    {
      __atomic_flag_data_type __v;
      __atomic_load(&_M_i, &__v, int(__m));
      return __v == __GCC_ATOMIC_TEST_AND_SET_TRUEVAL;
    }

    _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE bool
    test(memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) const volatile noexcept
    {
      __atomic_flag_data_type __v;
      __atomic_load(&_M_i, &__v, int(__m));
      return __v == __GCC_ATOMIC_TEST_AND_SET_TRUEVAL;
    }
#endif

#if __glibcxx_atomic_wait // C++ >= 20 && (linux_futex || gthread)
    _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE void
    wait(bool __old,
	memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept
    {
      const __atomic_flag_data_type __v
	= __old ? __GCC_ATOMIC_TEST_AND_SET_TRUEVAL : 0;

      std::__atomic_wait_address_v(&_M_i, __v,
	  [__m, this] { return __atomic_load_n(&_M_i, int(__m)); });
    }

    // TODO add const volatile overload

    _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE void
    notify_one() noexcept
    { std::__atomic_notify_address(&_M_i, false); }

    // TODO add const volatile overload

    _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE void
    notify_all() noexcept
    { std::__atomic_notify_address(&_M_i, true); }

    // TODO add const volatile overload
#endif // __glibcxx_atomic_wait

    _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE void
    clear(memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept
    {
      memory_order __b __attribute__ ((__unused__))
	= __m & __memory_order_mask;
      __glibcxx_assert(__b != memory_order_consume);
      __glibcxx_assert(__b != memory_order_acquire);
      __glibcxx_assert(__b != memory_order_acq_rel);

      __atomic_clear (&_M_i, int(__m));
    }

    _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE void
    clear(memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept
    {
      memory_order __b __attribute__ ((__unused__))
	= __m & __memory_order_mask;
      __glibcxx_assert(__b != memory_order_consume);
      __glibcxx_assert(__b != memory_order_acquire);
      __glibcxx_assert(__b != memory_order_acq_rel);

      __atomic_clear (&_M_i, int(__m));
    }

  private:
    static constexpr __atomic_flag_data_type
    _S_init(bool __i)
    { return __i ? __GCC_ATOMIC_TEST_AND_SET_TRUEVAL : 0; }
  };

  /// @cond undocumented

  /// Base class for atomic integrals.
  //
  // For each of the integral types, define atomic_[integral type] struct
  //
  // atomic_bool     bool
  // atomic_char     char
  // atomic_schar    signed char
  // atomic_uchar    unsigned char
  // atomic_short    short
  // atomic_ushort   unsigned short
  // atomic_int      int
  // atomic_uint     unsigned int
  // atomic_long     long
  // atomic_ulong    unsigned long
  // atomic_llong    long long
  // atomic_ullong   unsigned long long
  // atomic_char8_t  char8_t
  // atomic_char16_t char16_t
  // atomic_char32_t char32_t
  // atomic_wchar_t  wchar_t
  //
  // NB: Assuming _ITp is an integral scalar type that is 1, 2, 4, or
  // 8 bytes, since that is what GCC built-in functions for atomic
  // memory access expect.

  namespace __atomic_impl
  {
    template<typename _Tp>
      using _Val = typename remove_volatile<_Tp>::type;

#if __glibcxx_atomic_min_max
    template<typename _Tp>
      _Tp
      __fetch_min(_Tp* __ptr, _Val<_Tp> __i, memory_order __m) noexcept;

    template<typename _Tp>
      _Tp
      __fetch_max(_Tp* __ptr, _Val<_Tp> __i, memory_order __m) noexcept;
#endif
  }

  template<typename _ITp>
    struct __atomic_base
    {
      using value_type = _ITp;
      using difference_type = value_type;

    private:
      typedef _ITp 	__int_type;

      static constexpr int _S_alignment =
	sizeof(_ITp) > alignof(_ITp) ? sizeof(_ITp) : alignof(_ITp);

      alignas(_S_alignment) __int_type _M_i _GLIBCXX20_INIT(0);

    public:
      __atomic_base() noexcept = default;
      ~__atomic_base() noexcept = default;
      __atomic_base(const __atomic_base&) = delete;
      __atomic_base& operator=(const __atomic_base&) = delete;
      __atomic_base& operator=(const __atomic_base&) volatile = delete;

      constexpr __atomic_base(__int_type __i) noexcept : _M_i (__i) { }

      operator __int_type() const noexcept
      { return load(); }

      operator __int_type() const volatile noexcept
      { return load(); }

      __int_type
      operator=(__int_type __i) noexcept
      {
	store(__i);
	return __i;
      }

      __int_type
      operator=(__int_type __i) volatile noexcept
      {
	store(__i);
	return __i;
      }

      __int_type
      operator++(int) noexcept
      { return fetch_add(1); }

      __int_type
      operator++(int) volatile noexcept
      { return fetch_add(1); }

      __int_type
      operator--(int) noexcept
      { return fetch_sub(1); }

      __int_type
      operator--(int) volatile noexcept
      { return fetch_sub(1); }

      __int_type
      operator++() noexcept
      { return __atomic_add_fetch(&_M_i, 1, int(memory_order_seq_cst)); }

      __int_type
      operator++() volatile noexcept
      { return __atomic_add_fetch(&_M_i, 1, int(memory_order_seq_cst)); }

      __int_type
      operator--() noexcept
      { return __atomic_sub_fetch(&_M_i, 1, int(memory_order_seq_cst)); }

      __int_type
      operator--() volatile noexcept
      { return __atomic_sub_fetch(&_M_i, 1, int(memory_order_seq_cst)); }

      __int_type
      operator+=(__int_type __i) noexcept
      { return __atomic_add_fetch(&_M_i, __i, int(memory_order_seq_cst)); }

      __int_type
      operator+=(__int_type __i) volatile noexcept
      { return __atomic_add_fetch(&_M_i, __i, int(memory_order_seq_cst)); }

      __int_type
      operator-=(__int_type __i) noexcept
      { return __atomic_sub_fetch(&_M_i, __i, int(memory_order_seq_cst)); }

      __int_type
      operator-=(__int_type __i) volatile noexcept
      { return __atomic_sub_fetch(&_M_i, __i, int(memory_order_seq_cst)); }

      __int_type
      operator&=(__int_type __i) noexcept
      { return __atomic_and_fetch(&_M_i, __i, int(memory_order_seq_cst)); }

      __int_type
      operator&=(__int_type __i) volatile noexcept
      { return __atomic_and_fetch(&_M_i, __i, int(memory_order_seq_cst)); }

      __int_type
      operator|=(__int_type __i) noexcept
      { return __atomic_or_fetch(&_M_i, __i, int(memory_order_seq_cst)); }

      __int_type
      operator|=(__int_type __i) volatile noexcept
      { return __atomic_or_fetch(&_M_i, __i, int(memory_order_seq_cst)); }

      __int_type
      operator^=(__int_type __i) noexcept
      { return __atomic_xor_fetch(&_M_i, __i, int(memory_order_seq_cst)); }

      __int_type
      operator^=(__int_type __i) volatile noexcept
      { return __atomic_xor_fetch(&_M_i, __i, int(memory_order_seq_cst)); }

      bool
      is_lock_free() const noexcept
      {
	// Use a fake, minimally aligned pointer.
	return __atomic_is_lock_free(sizeof(_M_i),
	    reinterpret_cast<void *>(-_S_alignment));
      }

      bool
      is_lock_free() const volatile noexcept
      {
	// Use a fake, minimally aligned pointer.
	return __atomic_is_lock_free(sizeof(_M_i),
	    reinterpret_cast<void *>(-_S_alignment));
      }

      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE void
      store(__int_type __i, memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept
      {
	memory_order __b __attribute__ ((__unused__))
	  = __m & __memory_order_mask;
	__glibcxx_assert(__b != memory_order_acquire);
	__glibcxx_assert(__b != memory_order_acq_rel);
	__glibcxx_assert(__b != memory_order_consume);

	__atomic_store_n(&_M_i, __i, int(__m));
      }

      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE void
      store(__int_type __i,
	    memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept
      {
	memory_order __b __attribute__ ((__unused__))
	  = __m & __memory_order_mask;
	__glibcxx_assert(__b != memory_order_acquire);
	__glibcxx_assert(__b != memory_order_acq_rel);
	__glibcxx_assert(__b != memory_order_consume);

	__atomic_store_n(&_M_i, __i, int(__m));
      }

      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE __int_type
      load(memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept
      {
	memory_order __b __attribute__ ((__unused__))
	  = __m & __memory_order_mask;
	__glibcxx_assert(__b != memory_order_release);
	__glibcxx_assert(__b != memory_order_acq_rel);

	return __atomic_load_n(&_M_i, int(__m));
      }

      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE __int_type
      load(memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) const volatile noexcept
      {
	memory_order __b __attribute__ ((__unused__))
	  = __m & __memory_order_mask;
	__glibcxx_assert(__b != memory_order_release);
	__glibcxx_assert(__b != memory_order_acq_rel);

	return __atomic_load_n(&_M_i, int(__m));
      }

      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE __int_type
      exchange(__int_type __i,
	       memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept
      {
	return __atomic_exchange_n(&_M_i, __i, int(__m));
      }


      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE __int_type
      exchange(__int_type __i,
	       memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept
      {
	return __atomic_exchange_n(&_M_i, __i, int(__m));
      }

      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE bool
      compare_exchange_weak(__int_type& __i1, __int_type __i2,
			    memory_order __m1, memory_order __m2) noexcept
      {
	__glibcxx_assert(__is_valid_cmpexch_failure_order(__m2));

	return __atomic_compare_exchange_n(&_M_i, &__i1, __i2, 1,
					   int(__m1), int(__m2));
      }

      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE bool
      compare_exchange_weak(__int_type& __i1, __int_type __i2,
			    memory_order __m1,
			    memory_order __m2) volatile noexcept
      {
	__glibcxx_assert(__is_valid_cmpexch_failure_order(__m2));

	return __atomic_compare_exchange_n(&_M_i, &__i1, __i2, 1,
					   int(__m1), int(__m2));
      }

      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE bool
      compare_exchange_weak(__int_type& __i1, __int_type __i2,
			    memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept
      {
	return compare_exchange_weak(__i1, __i2, __m,
				     __cmpexch_failure_order(__m));
      }

      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE bool
      compare_exchange_weak(__int_type& __i1, __int_type __i2,
		   memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept
      {
	return compare_exchange_weak(__i1, __i2, __m,
				     __cmpexch_failure_order(__m));
      }

      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE bool
      compare_exchange_strong(__int_type& __i1, __int_type __i2,
			      memory_order __m1, memory_order __m2) noexcept
      {
	__glibcxx_assert(__is_valid_cmpexch_failure_order(__m2));

	return __atomic_compare_exchange_n(&_M_i, &__i1, __i2, 0,
					   int(__m1), int(__m2));
      }

      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE bool
      compare_exchange_strong(__int_type& __i1, __int_type __i2,
			      memory_order __m1,
			      memory_order __m2) volatile noexcept
      {
	__glibcxx_assert(__is_valid_cmpexch_failure_order(__m2));

	return __atomic_compare_exchange_n(&_M_i, &__i1, __i2, 0,
					   int(__m1), int(__m2));
      }

      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE bool
      compare_exchange_strong(__int_type& __i1, __int_type __i2,
			      memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept
      {
	return compare_exchange_strong(__i1, __i2, __m,
				       __cmpexch_failure_order(__m));
      }

      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE bool
      compare_exchange_strong(__int_type& __i1, __int_type __i2,
		 memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept
      {
	return compare_exchange_strong(__i1, __i2, __m,
				       __cmpexch_failure_order(__m));
      }

#if __glibcxx_atomic_wait
      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE void
      wait(__int_type __old,
	  memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept
      {
	std::__atomic_wait_address_v(&_M_i, __old,
			   [__m, this] { return this->load(__m); });
      }

      // TODO add const volatile overload

      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE void
      notify_one() noexcept
      { std::__atomic_notify_address(&_M_i, false); }

      // TODO add const volatile overload

      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE void
      notify_all() noexcept
      { std::__atomic_notify_address(&_M_i, true); }

      // TODO add const volatile overload
#endif // __glibcxx_atomic_wait

      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE __int_type
      fetch_add(__int_type __i,
		memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept
      { return __atomic_fetch_add(&_M_i, __i, int(__m)); }

      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE __int_type
      fetch_add(__int_type __i,
		memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept
      { return __atomic_fetch_add(&_M_i, __i, int(__m)); }

      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE __int_type
      fetch_sub(__int_type __i,
		memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept
      { return __atomic_fetch_sub(&_M_i, __i, int(__m)); }

      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE __int_type
      fetch_sub(__int_type __i,
		memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept
      { return __atomic_fetch_sub(&_M_i, __i, int(__m)); }

      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE __int_type
      fetch_and(__int_type __i,
		memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept
      { return __atomic_fetch_and(&_M_i, __i, int(__m)); }

      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE __int_type
      fetch_and(__int_type __i,
		memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept
      { return __atomic_fetch_and(&_M_i, __i, int(__m)); }

      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE __int_type
      fetch_or(__int_type __i,
	       memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept
      { return __atomic_fetch_or(&_M_i, __i, int(__m)); }

      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE __int_type
      fetch_or(__int_type __i,
	       memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept
      { return __atomic_fetch_or(&_M_i, __i, int(__m)); }

      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE __int_type
      fetch_xor(__int_type __i,
		memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept
      { return __atomic_fetch_xor(&_M_i, __i, int(__m)); }

      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE __int_type
      fetch_xor(__int_type __i,
		memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept
      { return __atomic_fetch_xor(&_M_i, __i, int(__m)); }

#if __glibcxx_atomic_min_max
      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE __int_type
      fetch_min(__int_type __i,
		memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept
      { return __atomic_impl::__fetch_min(&_M_i, __i, __m); }

      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE __int_type
      fetch_min(__int_type __i,
		memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept
      { return __atomic_impl::__fetch_min(&_M_i, __i, __m); }

      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE __int_type
      fetch_max(__int_type __i,
		memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept
      { return __atomic_impl::__fetch_max(&_M_i, __i, __m); }

      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE __int_type
      fetch_max(__int_type __i,
		memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept
      { return __atomic_impl::__fetch_max(&_M_i, __i, __m); }
#endif
    };


  /// Partial specialization for pointer types.
  template<typename _PTp>
    struct __atomic_base<_PTp*>
    {
    private:
      typedef _PTp* 	__pointer_type;

      __pointer_type 	_M_p _GLIBCXX20_INIT(nullptr);

      static constexpr ptrdiff_t
      _S_type_size(ptrdiff_t __d)
      { return __d * sizeof(_PTp); }

    public:
      __atomic_base() noexcept = default;
      ~__atomic_base() noexcept = default;
      __atomic_base(const __atomic_base&) = delete;
      __atomic_base& operator=(const __atomic_base&) = delete;
      __atomic_base& operator=(const __atomic_base&) volatile = delete;

      // Requires __pointer_type convertible to _M_p.
      constexpr __atomic_base(__pointer_type __p) noexcept : _M_p (__p) { }

      operator __pointer_type() const noexcept
      { return load(); }

      operator __pointer_type() const volatile noexcept
      { return load(); }

      __pointer_type
      operator=(__pointer_type __p) noexcept
      {
	store(__p);
	return __p;
      }

      __pointer_type
      operator=(__pointer_type __p) volatile noexcept
      {
	store(__p);
	return __p;
      }

      __pointer_type
      operator++(int) noexcept
      { return fetch_add(1); }

      __pointer_type
      operator++(int) volatile noexcept
      { return fetch_add(1); }

      __pointer_type
      operator--(int) noexcept
      { return fetch_sub(1); }

      __pointer_type
      operator--(int) volatile noexcept
      { return fetch_sub(1); }

      __pointer_type
      operator++() noexcept
      { return __atomic_add_fetch(&_M_p, _S_type_size(1),
				  int(memory_order_seq_cst)); }

      __pointer_type
      operator++() volatile noexcept
      { return __atomic_add_fetch(&_M_p, _S_type_size(1),
				  int(memory_order_seq_cst)); }

      __pointer_type
      operator--() noexcept
      { return __atomic_sub_fetch(&_M_p, _S_type_size(1),
				  int(memory_order_seq_cst)); }

      __pointer_type
      operator--() volatile noexcept
      { return __atomic_sub_fetch(&_M_p, _S_type_size(1),
				  int(memory_order_seq_cst)); }

      __pointer_type
      operator+=(ptrdiff_t __d) noexcept
      { return __atomic_add_fetch(&_M_p, _S_type_size(__d),
				  int(memory_order_seq_cst)); }

      __pointer_type
      operator+=(ptrdiff_t __d) volatile noexcept
      { return __atomic_add_fetch(&_M_p, _S_type_size(__d),
				  int(memory_order_seq_cst)); }

      __pointer_type
      operator-=(ptrdiff_t __d) noexcept
      { return __atomic_sub_fetch(&_M_p, _S_type_size(__d),
				  int(memory_order_seq_cst)); }

      __pointer_type
      operator-=(ptrdiff_t __d) volatile noexcept
      { return __atomic_sub_fetch(&_M_p, _S_type_size(__d),
				  int(memory_order_seq_cst)); }

      bool
      is_lock_free() const noexcept
      {
	// Produce a fake, minimally aligned pointer.
	return __atomic_is_lock_free(sizeof(_M_p),
	    reinterpret_cast<void *>(-__alignof(_M_p)));
      }

      bool
      is_lock_free() const volatile noexcept
      {
	// Produce a fake, minimally aligned pointer.
	return __atomic_is_lock_free(sizeof(_M_p),
	    reinterpret_cast<void *>(-__alignof(_M_p)));
      }

      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE void
      store(__pointer_type __p,
	    memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept
      {
	memory_order __b __attribute__ ((__unused__))
	  = __m & __memory_order_mask;

	__glibcxx_assert(__b != memory_order_acquire);
	__glibcxx_assert(__b != memory_order_acq_rel);
	__glibcxx_assert(__b != memory_order_consume);

	__atomic_store_n(&_M_p, __p, int(__m));
      }

      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE void
      store(__pointer_type __p,
	    memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept
      {
	memory_order __b __attribute__ ((__unused__))
	  = __m & __memory_order_mask;
	__glibcxx_assert(__b != memory_order_acquire);
	__glibcxx_assert(__b != memory_order_acq_rel);
	__glibcxx_assert(__b != memory_order_consume);

	__atomic_store_n(&_M_p, __p, int(__m));
      }

      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE __pointer_type
      load(memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept
      {
	memory_order __b __attribute__ ((__unused__))
	  = __m & __memory_order_mask;
	__glibcxx_assert(__b != memory_order_release);
	__glibcxx_assert(__b != memory_order_acq_rel);

	return __atomic_load_n(&_M_p, int(__m));
      }

      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE __pointer_type
      load(memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) const volatile noexcept
      {
	memory_order __b __attribute__ ((__unused__))
	  = __m & __memory_order_mask;
	__glibcxx_assert(__b != memory_order_release);
	__glibcxx_assert(__b != memory_order_acq_rel);

	return __atomic_load_n(&_M_p, int(__m));
      }

      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE __pointer_type
      exchange(__pointer_type __p,
	       memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept
      {
	return __atomic_exchange_n(&_M_p, __p, int(__m));
      }


      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE __pointer_type
      exchange(__pointer_type __p,
	       memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept
      {
	return __atomic_exchange_n(&_M_p, __p, int(__m));
      }

      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE bool
      compare_exchange_weak(__pointer_type& __p1, __pointer_type __p2,
			    memory_order __m1,
			    memory_order __m2) noexcept
      {
	__glibcxx_assert(__is_valid_cmpexch_failure_order(__m2));

	return __atomic_compare_exchange_n(&_M_p, &__p1, __p2, 1,
					   int(__m1), int(__m2));
      }

      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE bool
      compare_exchange_weak(__pointer_type& __p1, __pointer_type __p2,
			    memory_order __m1,
			    memory_order __m2) volatile noexcept
      {
	__glibcxx_assert(__is_valid_cmpexch_failure_order(__m2));

	return __atomic_compare_exchange_n(&_M_p, &__p1, __p2, 1,
					   int(__m1), int(__m2));
      }

      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE bool
      compare_exchange_strong(__pointer_type& __p1, __pointer_type __p2,
			      memory_order __m1,
			      memory_order __m2) noexcept
      {
	__glibcxx_assert(__is_valid_cmpexch_failure_order(__m2));

	return __atomic_compare_exchange_n(&_M_p, &__p1, __p2, 0,
					   int(__m1), int(__m2));
      }

      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE bool
      compare_exchange_strong(__pointer_type& __p1, __pointer_type __p2,
			      memory_order __m1,
			      memory_order __m2) volatile noexcept
      {
	__glibcxx_assert(__is_valid_cmpexch_failure_order(__m2));

	return __atomic_compare_exchange_n(&_M_p, &__p1, __p2, 0,
					   int(__m1), int(__m2));
      }

#if __glibcxx_atomic_wait
      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE void
      wait(__pointer_type __old,
	   memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept
      {
	std::__atomic_wait_address_v(&_M_p, __old,
				     [__m, this]
				     { return this->load(__m); });
      }

      // TODO add const volatile overload

      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE void
      notify_one() const noexcept
      { std::__atomic_notify_address(&_M_p, false); }

      // TODO add const volatile overload

      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE void
      notify_all() const noexcept
      { std::__atomic_notify_address(&_M_p, true); }

      // TODO add const volatile overload
#endif // __glibcxx_atomic_wait

      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE __pointer_type
      fetch_add(ptrdiff_t __d,
		memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept
      { return __atomic_fetch_add(&_M_p, _S_type_size(__d), int(__m)); }

      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE __pointer_type
      fetch_add(ptrdiff_t __d,
		memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept
      { return __atomic_fetch_add(&_M_p, _S_type_size(__d), int(__m)); }

      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE __pointer_type
      fetch_sub(ptrdiff_t __d,
		memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept
      { return __atomic_fetch_sub(&_M_p, _S_type_size(__d), int(__m)); }

      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE __pointer_type
      fetch_sub(ptrdiff_t __d,
		memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept
      { return __atomic_fetch_sub(&_M_p, _S_type_size(__d), int(__m)); }

#if __glibcxx_atomic_min_max
      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE __pointer_type
      fetch_min(__pointer_type __p,
		memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept
      { return __atomic_impl::__fetch_min(&_M_p, __p, __m); }

      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE __pointer_type
      fetch_min(__pointer_type __p,
		memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept
      { return __atomic_impl::__fetch_min(&_M_p, __p, __m); }

      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE __pointer_type
      fetch_max(__pointer_type __p,
		memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept
      { return __atomic_impl::__fetch_max(&_M_p, __p, __m); }

      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE __pointer_type
      fetch_max(__pointer_type __p,
		memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept
      { return __atomic_impl::__fetch_max(&_M_p, __p, __m); }
#endif
    };

  namespace __atomic_impl
  {
    // Implementation details of atomic padding handling

    template<typename _Tp>
      constexpr bool
      __maybe_has_padding()
      {
#if ! __has_builtin(__builtin_clear_padding)
	return false;
#elif __has_builtin(__has_unique_object_representations)
	return !__has_unique_object_representations(_Tp)
	  && !is_same<_Tp, float>::value && !is_same<_Tp, double>::value;
#else
	return true;
#endif
      }

#pragma GCC diagnostic push
#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wc++17-extensions"

    template<typename _Tp>
      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE _GLIBCXX14_CONSTEXPR _Tp*
      __clear_padding(_Tp& __val) noexcept
      {
	auto* __ptr = std::__addressof(__val);
#if __has_builtin(__builtin_clear_padding)
	if constexpr (__atomic_impl::__maybe_has_padding<_Tp>())
	  __builtin_clear_padding(__ptr);
#endif
	return __ptr;
      }

    template<bool _AtomicRef = false, typename _Tp>
      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE bool
      __compare_exchange(_Tp& __val, _Val<_Tp>& __e, _Val<_Tp>& __i,
			 bool __is_weak,
			 memory_order __s, memory_order __f) noexcept
      {
	__glibcxx_assert(__is_valid_cmpexch_failure_order(__f));

	using _Vp = _Val<_Tp>;
	_Tp* const __pval = std::__addressof(__val);

	if constexpr (!__atomic_impl::__maybe_has_padding<_Vp>())
	  {
	    return __atomic_compare_exchange(__pval, std::__addressof(__e),
					     std::__addressof(__i), __is_weak,
					     int(__s), int(__f));
	  }
	else if constexpr (!_AtomicRef) // std::atomic<T>
	  {
	    // Clear padding of the value we want to set:
	    _Vp* const __pi = __atomic_impl::__clear_padding(__i);
	    // Only allowed to modify __e on failure, so make a copy:
	    _Vp __exp = __e;
	    // Clear padding of the expected value:
	    _Vp* const __pexp = __atomic_impl::__clear_padding(__exp);

	    // For std::atomic<T> we know that the contained value will already
	    // have zeroed padding, so trivial memcmp semantics are OK.
	    if (__atomic_compare_exchange(__pval, __pexp, __pi,
					  __is_weak, int(__s), int(__f)))
	      return true;
	    // Value bits must be different, copy from __exp back to __e:
	    __builtin_memcpy(std::__addressof(__e), __pexp, sizeof(_Vp));
	    return false;
	  }
	else // std::atomic_ref<T> where T has padding bits.
	  {
	    // Clear padding of the value we want to set:
	    _Vp* const __pi = __atomic_impl::__clear_padding(__i);

	    // Only allowed to modify __e on failure, so make a copy:
	    _Vp __exp = __e;
	    // Optimistically assume that a previous store had zeroed padding
	    // so that zeroing it in the expected value will match first time.
	    _Vp* const __pexp = __atomic_impl::__clear_padding(__exp);

	    // compare_exchange is specified to compare value representations.
	    // Need to check whether a failure is 'real' or just due to
	    // differences in padding bits. This loop should run no more than
	    // three times, because the worst case scenario is:
	    // First CAS fails because the actual value has non-zero padding.
	    // Second CAS fails because another thread stored the same value,
	    // but now with padding cleared. Third CAS succeeds.
	    // We will never need to loop a fourth time, because any value
	    // written by another thread (whether via store, exchange or
	    // compare_exchange) will have had its padding cleared.
	    while (true)
	      {
		// Copy of the expected value so we can clear its padding.
		_Vp __orig = __exp;

		if (__atomic_compare_exchange(__pval, __pexp, __pi,
					      __is_weak, int(__s), int(__f)))
		  return true;

		// Copy of the actual value so we can clear its padding.
		_Vp __curr = __exp;

		// Compare value representations (i.e. ignoring padding).
		if (__builtin_memcmp(__atomic_impl::__clear_padding(__orig),
				     __atomic_impl::__clear_padding(__curr),
				     sizeof(_Vp)))
		  {
		    // Value representations compare unequal, real failure.
		    __builtin_memcpy(std::__addressof(__e), __pexp,
				     sizeof(_Vp));
		    return false;
		  }
	      }
	  }
      }
#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
  } // namespace __atomic_impl

#if __cplusplus > 201703L
  // Implementation details of atomic_ref and atomic<floating-point>.
  namespace __atomic_impl
  {
    // Like _Val<T> above, but for difference_type arguments.
    template<typename _Tp>
      using _Diff = __conditional_t<is_pointer_v<_Tp>, ptrdiff_t, _Val<_Tp>>;

    template<size_t _Size, size_t _Align>
      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE bool
      is_lock_free() noexcept
      {
	// Produce a fake, minimally aligned pointer.
	return __atomic_is_lock_free(_Size, reinterpret_cast<void *>(-_Align));
      }

    template<typename _Tp>
      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE void
      store(_Tp* __ptr, _Val<_Tp> __t, memory_order __m) noexcept
      {
	__atomic_store(__ptr, __atomic_impl::__clear_padding(__t), int(__m));
      }

    template<typename _Tp>
      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE _Val<_Tp>
      load(const _Tp* __ptr, memory_order __m) noexcept
      {
	alignas(_Tp) unsigned char __buf[sizeof(_Tp)];
	auto* __dest = reinterpret_cast<_Val<_Tp>*>(__buf);
	__atomic_load(__ptr, __dest, int(__m));
	return *__dest;
      }

    template<typename _Tp>
      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE _Val<_Tp>
      exchange(_Tp* __ptr, _Val<_Tp> __desired, memory_order __m) noexcept
      {
        alignas(_Tp) unsigned char __buf[sizeof(_Tp)];
	auto* __dest = reinterpret_cast<_Val<_Tp>*>(__buf);
	__atomic_exchange(__ptr, __atomic_impl::__clear_padding(__desired),
			  __dest, int(__m));
	return *__dest;
      }

    template<bool _AtomicRef = false, typename _Tp>
      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE bool
      compare_exchange_weak(_Tp* __ptr, _Val<_Tp>& __expected,
			    _Val<_Tp> __desired, memory_order __success,
			    memory_order __failure) noexcept
      {
	return __atomic_impl::__compare_exchange<_AtomicRef>(
		   *__ptr, __expected, __desired, true, __success, __failure);
      }

    template<bool _AtomicRef = false, typename _Tp>
      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE bool
      compare_exchange_strong(_Tp* __ptr, _Val<_Tp>& __expected,
			      _Val<_Tp> __desired, memory_order __success,
			      memory_order __failure) noexcept
      {
	return __atomic_impl::__compare_exchange<_AtomicRef>(
		   *__ptr, __expected, __desired, false, __success, __failure);
      }

#if __glibcxx_atomic_wait
    template<typename _Tp>
      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE void
      wait(const _Tp* __ptr, _Val<_Tp> __old,
	   memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept
      {
	std::__atomic_wait_address_v(__ptr, __old,
	    [__ptr, __m]() { return __atomic_impl::load(__ptr, __m); });
      }

      // TODO add const volatile overload

    template<typename _Tp>
      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE void
      notify_one(const _Tp* __ptr) noexcept
      { std::__atomic_notify_address(__ptr, false); }

      // TODO add const volatile overload

    template<typename _Tp>
      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE void
      notify_all(const _Tp* __ptr) noexcept
      { std::__atomic_notify_address(__ptr, true); }

      // TODO add const volatile overload
#endif // __glibcxx_atomic_wait

    template<typename _Tp>
      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE _Tp
      fetch_add(_Tp* __ptr, _Diff<_Tp> __i, memory_order __m) noexcept
      { return __atomic_fetch_add(__ptr, __i, int(__m)); }

    template<typename _Tp>
      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE _Tp
      fetch_sub(_Tp* __ptr, _Diff<_Tp> __i, memory_order __m) noexcept
      { return __atomic_fetch_sub(__ptr, __i, int(__m)); }

    template<typename _Tp>
      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE _Tp
      fetch_and(_Tp* __ptr, _Val<_Tp> __i, memory_order __m) noexcept
      { return __atomic_fetch_and(__ptr, __i, int(__m)); }

    template<typename _Tp>
      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE _Tp
      fetch_or(_Tp* __ptr, _Val<_Tp> __i, memory_order __m) noexcept
      { return __atomic_fetch_or(__ptr, __i, int(__m)); }

    template<typename _Tp>
      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE _Tp
      fetch_xor(_Tp* __ptr, _Val<_Tp> __i, memory_order __m) noexcept
      { return __atomic_fetch_xor(__ptr, __i, int(__m)); }

    template<typename _Tp>
      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE _Tp
      __add_fetch(_Tp* __ptr, _Diff<_Tp> __i) noexcept
      { return __atomic_add_fetch(__ptr, __i, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST); }

    template<typename _Tp>
      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE _Tp
      __sub_fetch(_Tp* __ptr, _Diff<_Tp> __i) noexcept
      { return __atomic_sub_fetch(__ptr, __i, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST); }

    template<typename _Tp>
      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE _Tp
      __and_fetch(_Tp* __ptr, _Val<_Tp> __i) noexcept
      { return __atomic_and_fetch(__ptr, __i, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST); }

    template<typename _Tp>
      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE _Tp
      __or_fetch(_Tp* __ptr, _Val<_Tp> __i) noexcept
      { return __atomic_or_fetch(__ptr, __i, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST); }

    template<typename _Tp>
      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE _Tp
      __xor_fetch(_Tp* __ptr, _Val<_Tp> __i) noexcept
      { return __atomic_xor_fetch(__ptr, __i, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST); }

    template<typename _Tp>
      concept __atomic_fetch_addable
	= requires (_Tp __t) { __atomic_fetch_add(&__t, __t, 0); };

    template<typename _Tp>
      _Tp
      __fetch_add_flt(_Tp* __ptr, _Val<_Tp> __i, memory_order __m) noexcept
      {
	if constexpr (__atomic_fetch_addable<_Tp>)
	  return __atomic_fetch_add(__ptr, __i, int(__m));
	else
	  {
	    _Val<_Tp> __oldval = load (__ptr, memory_order_relaxed);
	    _Val<_Tp> __newval = __oldval + __i;
	    while (!compare_exchange_weak (__ptr, __oldval, __newval, __m,
					   memory_order_relaxed))
	      __newval = __oldval + __i;
	    return __oldval;
	  }
      }

    template<typename _Tp>
      concept __atomic_fetch_subtractable
	= requires (_Tp __t) { __atomic_fetch_sub(&__t, __t, 0); };

    template<typename _Tp>
      _Tp
      __fetch_sub_flt(_Tp* __ptr, _Val<_Tp> __i, memory_order __m) noexcept
      {
	if constexpr (__atomic_fetch_subtractable<_Tp>)
	  return __atomic_fetch_sub(__ptr, __i, int(__m));
	else
	  {
	    _Val<_Tp> __oldval = load (__ptr, memory_order_relaxed);
	    _Val<_Tp> __newval = __oldval - __i;
	    while (!compare_exchange_weak (__ptr, __oldval, __newval, __m,
					   memory_order_relaxed))
	      __newval = __oldval - __i;
	    return __oldval;
	  }
      }

    template<typename _Tp>
      concept __atomic_add_fetchable
	= requires (_Tp __t) { __atomic_add_fetch(&__t, __t, 0); };

    template<typename _Tp>
      _Tp
      __add_fetch_flt(_Tp* __ptr, _Val<_Tp> __i) noexcept
      {
	if constexpr (__atomic_add_fetchable<_Tp>)
	  return __atomic_add_fetch(__ptr, __i, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST);
	else
	  {
	    _Val<_Tp> __oldval = load (__ptr, memory_order_relaxed);
	    _Val<_Tp> __newval = __oldval + __i;
	    while (!compare_exchange_weak (__ptr, __oldval, __newval,
					   memory_order_seq_cst,
					   memory_order_relaxed))
	      __newval = __oldval + __i;
	    return __newval;
	  }
      }

    template<typename _Tp>
      concept __atomic_sub_fetchable
	= requires (_Tp __t) { __atomic_sub_fetch(&__t, __t, 0); };

    template<typename _Tp>
      _Tp
      __sub_fetch_flt(_Tp* __ptr, _Val<_Tp> __i) noexcept
      {
	if constexpr (__atomic_sub_fetchable<_Tp>)
	  return __atomic_sub_fetch(__ptr, __i, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST);
	else
	  {
	    _Val<_Tp> __oldval = load (__ptr, memory_order_relaxed);
	    _Val<_Tp> __newval = __oldval - __i;
	    while (!compare_exchange_weak (__ptr, __oldval, __newval,
					   memory_order_seq_cst,
					   memory_order_relaxed))
	      __newval = __oldval - __i;
	    return __newval;
	  }
      }

#if __glibcxx_atomic_min_max
    template<typename _Tp>
      concept __atomic_fetch_minmaxable
	= requires (_Tp __t) {
	    __atomic_fetch_min(&__t, __t, 0);
	    __atomic_fetch_max(&__t, __t, 0);
	  };

    template<typename _Tp>
      _Tp
      __fetch_min(_Tp* __ptr, _Val<_Tp> __i, memory_order __m) noexcept
      {
	if constexpr (__atomic_fetch_minmaxable<_Tp>)
	  return __atomic_fetch_min(__ptr, __i, int(__m));
	else
	  {
	    _Val<_Tp> __oldval = load (__ptr, memory_order_relaxed);
	    _Val<_Tp> __newval = __oldval < __i ? __oldval : __i;
	    while (!compare_exchange_weak (__ptr, __oldval, __newval, __m,
					   memory_order_relaxed))
	      __newval = __oldval < __i ? __oldval : __i;
	    return __oldval;
	  }
      }

    template<typename _Tp>
      _Tp
      __fetch_max(_Tp* __ptr, _Val<_Tp> __i, memory_order __m) noexcept
      {
	if constexpr (__atomic_fetch_minmaxable<_Tp>)
	  return __atomic_fetch_max(__ptr, __i, int(__m));
	else
	  {
	    _Val<_Tp> __oldval = load (__ptr, memory_order_relaxed);
	    _Val<_Tp> __newval = __oldval > __i ? __oldval : __i;
	    while (!compare_exchange_weak (__ptr, __oldval, __newval, __m,
					   memory_order_relaxed))
	      __newval = __oldval > __i ? __oldval : __i;
	    return __oldval;
	  }
      }
#endif
  } // namespace __atomic_impl

  // base class for atomic<floating-point-type>
  template<typename _Fp>
    struct __atomic_float
    {
      static_assert(is_floating_point_v<_Fp>);

      static constexpr size_t _S_alignment = __alignof__(_Fp);

    public:
      using value_type = _Fp;
      using difference_type = value_type;

      static constexpr bool is_always_lock_free
	= __atomic_always_lock_free(sizeof(_Fp), 0);

      __atomic_float() = default;

      constexpr
      __atomic_float(_Fp __t) : _M_fp(__t)
      { 
 	if (!std::__is_constant_evaluated())
	  __atomic_impl::__clear_padding(_M_fp);
      }

      __atomic_float(const __atomic_float&) = delete;
      __atomic_float& operator=(const __atomic_float&) = delete;
      __atomic_float& operator=(const __atomic_float&) volatile = delete;

      _Fp
      operator=(_Fp __t) volatile noexcept
      {
	this->store(__t);
	return __t;
      }

      _Fp
      operator=(_Fp __t) noexcept
      {
	this->store(__t);
	return __t;
      }

      bool
      is_lock_free() const volatile noexcept
      { return __atomic_impl::is_lock_free<sizeof(_Fp), _S_alignment>(); }

      bool
      is_lock_free() const noexcept
      { return __atomic_impl::is_lock_free<sizeof(_Fp), _S_alignment>(); }

      void
      store(_Fp __t, memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept
      { __atomic_impl::store(&_M_fp, __t, __m); }

      void
      store(_Fp __t, memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept
      { __atomic_impl::store(&_M_fp, __t, __m); }

      _Fp
      load(memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) const volatile noexcept
      { return __atomic_impl::load(&_M_fp, __m); }

      _Fp
      load(memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept
      { return __atomic_impl::load(&_M_fp, __m); }

      operator _Fp() const volatile noexcept { return this->load(); }
      operator _Fp() const noexcept { return this->load(); }

      _Fp
      exchange(_Fp __desired,
	       memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept
      { return __atomic_impl::exchange(&_M_fp, __desired, __m); }

      _Fp
      exchange(_Fp __desired,
	       memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept
      { return __atomic_impl::exchange(&_M_fp, __desired, __m); }

      bool
      compare_exchange_weak(_Fp& __expected, _Fp __desired,
			    memory_order __success,
			    memory_order __failure) noexcept
      {
	return __atomic_impl::compare_exchange_weak(&_M_fp,
						    __expected, __desired,
						    __success, __failure);
      }

      bool
      compare_exchange_weak(_Fp& __expected, _Fp __desired,
			    memory_order __success,
			    memory_order __failure) volatile noexcept
      {
	return __atomic_impl::compare_exchange_weak(&_M_fp,
						    __expected, __desired,
						    __success, __failure);
      }

      bool
      compare_exchange_strong(_Fp& __expected, _Fp __desired,
			      memory_order __success,
			      memory_order __failure) noexcept
      {
	return __atomic_impl::compare_exchange_strong(&_M_fp,
						      __expected, __desired,
						      __success, __failure);
      }

      bool
      compare_exchange_strong(_Fp& __expected, _Fp __desired,
			      memory_order __success,
			      memory_order __failure) volatile noexcept
      {
	return __atomic_impl::compare_exchange_strong(&_M_fp,
						      __expected, __desired,
						      __success, __failure);
      }

      bool
      compare_exchange_weak(_Fp& __expected, _Fp __desired,
			    memory_order __order = memory_order_seq_cst)
      noexcept
      {
	return compare_exchange_weak(__expected, __desired, __order,
                                     __cmpexch_failure_order(__order));
      }

      bool
      compare_exchange_weak(_Fp& __expected, _Fp __desired,
			    memory_order __order = memory_order_seq_cst)
      volatile noexcept
      {
	return compare_exchange_weak(__expected, __desired, __order,
                                     __cmpexch_failure_order(__order));
      }

      bool
      compare_exchange_strong(_Fp& __expected, _Fp __desired,
			      memory_order __order = memory_order_seq_cst)
      noexcept
      {
	return compare_exchange_strong(__expected, __desired, __order,
				       __cmpexch_failure_order(__order));
      }

      bool
      compare_exchange_strong(_Fp& __expected, _Fp __desired,
			      memory_order __order = memory_order_seq_cst)
      volatile noexcept
      {
	return compare_exchange_strong(__expected, __desired, __order,
				       __cmpexch_failure_order(__order));
      }

#if __glibcxx_atomic_wait
      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE void
      wait(_Fp __old, memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept
      { __atomic_impl::wait(&_M_fp, __old, __m); }

      // TODO add const volatile overload

      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE void
      notify_one() const noexcept
      { __atomic_impl::notify_one(&_M_fp); }

      // TODO add const volatile overload

      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE void
      notify_all() const noexcept
      { __atomic_impl::notify_all(&_M_fp); }

      // TODO add const volatile overload
#endif // __glibcxx_atomic_wait

      value_type
      fetch_add(value_type __i,
		memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept
      { return __atomic_impl::__fetch_add_flt(&_M_fp, __i, __m); }

      value_type
      fetch_add(value_type __i,
		memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept
      { return __atomic_impl::__fetch_add_flt(&_M_fp, __i, __m); }

      value_type
      fetch_sub(value_type __i,
		memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept
      { return __atomic_impl::__fetch_sub_flt(&_M_fp, __i, __m); }

      value_type
      fetch_sub(value_type __i,
		memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept
      { return __atomic_impl::__fetch_sub_flt(&_M_fp, __i, __m); }

#if __glibcxx_atomic_min_max
      value_type
      fetch_min(value_type __i,
		memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept
      { return __atomic_impl::__fetch_min(&_M_fp, __i, __m); }

      value_type
      fetch_min(value_type __i,
		memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept
      { return __atomic_impl::__fetch_min(&_M_fp, __i, __m); }

      value_type
      fetch_max(value_type __i,
		memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept
      { return __atomic_impl::__fetch_max(&_M_fp, __i, __m); }

      value_type
      fetch_max(value_type __i,
		memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept
      { return __atomic_impl::__fetch_max(&_M_fp, __i, __m); }
#endif

      value_type
      operator+=(value_type __i) noexcept
      { return __atomic_impl::__add_fetch_flt(&_M_fp, __i); }

      value_type
      operator+=(value_type __i) volatile noexcept
      { return __atomic_impl::__add_fetch_flt(&_M_fp, __i); }

      value_type
      operator-=(value_type __i) noexcept
      { return __atomic_impl::__sub_fetch_flt(&_M_fp, __i); }

      value_type
      operator-=(value_type __i) volatile noexcept
      { return __atomic_impl::__sub_fetch_flt(&_M_fp, __i); }

    private:
      alignas(_S_alignment) _Fp _M_fp _GLIBCXX20_INIT(0);
    };
#undef _GLIBCXX20_INIT

  // __atomic_ref_base<const _Tp> provides the common APIs for const and
  // non-const types,
  // __atomic_ref_base<_Tp> inherits from  __atomic_ref_base<const _Tp>,
  // and provides the common APIs implementing constraints in [atomic.ref].
  // __atomic_ref<_Tp> inherits from __atomic_ref_base<_Tp> (const or non-const)
  // adds type-specific mutating APIs.
  // atomic_ref inherits from __atomic_ref;

  template<typename _Tp>
    struct __atomic_ref_base;

  template<typename _Tp>
    struct __atomic_ref_base<const _Tp>
    {
    private:
      using _Vt = remove_cv_t<_Tp>;
      using _Address_return_t = __conditional_t<is_volatile_v<_Tp>,
						const volatile void*, const void*>;

      static consteval bool
      _S_is_always_lock_free()
      {
	if constexpr (is_pointer_v<_Vt>)
	  return ATOMIC_POINTER_LOCK_FREE == 2;
	else
	  return __atomic_always_lock_free(sizeof(_Vt), 0);
      }

      static consteval int
      _S_required_alignment()
      {
	if constexpr (is_floating_point_v<_Vt> || is_pointer_v<_Vt>)
	  return __alignof__(_Vt);
	else if constexpr ((sizeof(_Vt) & (sizeof(_Vt) - 1)) || sizeof(_Vt) > 16)
	  return alignof(_Vt);
	else
	  // 1/2/4/8/16-byte types, including integral types,
	  // must be aligned to at least their size.
	  return (sizeof(_Vt) > alignof(_Vt)) ? sizeof(_Vt) : alignof(_Vt);
      }

    public:
      using value_type = _Vt;
      static_assert(is_trivially_copyable_v<value_type>);

      static constexpr bool is_always_lock_free = _S_is_always_lock_free();
      static_assert(is_always_lock_free || !is_volatile_v<_Tp>,
	"atomic operations on volatile T must be lock-free");

      static constexpr size_t required_alignment = _S_required_alignment();

      __atomic_ref_base() = delete;
      __atomic_ref_base& operator=(const __atomic_ref_base&) = delete;

      explicit
      __atomic_ref_base(const _Tp* __ptr) noexcept
      : _M_ptr(const_cast<_Tp*>(__ptr))
      { }

      __atomic_ref_base(const __atomic_ref_base&) noexcept = default;

      operator value_type() const noexcept { return this->load(); }

      bool
      is_lock_free() const noexcept
      { return __atomic_impl::is_lock_free<sizeof(_Tp), required_alignment>(); }

      value_type
      load(memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept
      { return __atomic_impl::load(_M_ptr, __m); }

#if __glibcxx_atomic_wait
      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE void
      wait(value_type __old, memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept
      {
	// TODO remove when volatile is supported
	static_assert(!is_volatile_v<_Tp>,
		      "atomic waits on volatile are not supported");
	__atomic_impl::wait(_M_ptr, __old, __m);
      }
#endif // __glibcxx_atomic_wait

#if __glibcxx_atomic_ref >= 202603L
      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE constexpr _Address_return_t
      address() const noexcept
      { return _M_ptr; }
#endif // __glibcxx_atomic_ref >= 202411L

    protected:
      _Tp* _M_ptr;
    };

  template<typename _Tp>
    struct __atomic_ref_base
      : __atomic_ref_base<const _Tp>
    {
      using _Address_return_t = __conditional_t<is_volatile_v<_Tp>,
						volatile void*, void*>;

    public:
      using value_type = typename __atomic_ref_base<const _Tp>::value_type;

      explicit
      __atomic_ref_base(_Tp* __ptr) noexcept
      : __atomic_ref_base<const _Tp>(__ptr)
      { }

      value_type
      operator=(value_type __t) const noexcept
      {
	this->store(__t);
	return __t;
      }

      void
      store(value_type __t, memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept
      { __atomic_impl::store(this->_M_ptr, __t, __m); }

      value_type
      exchange(value_type __desired, memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst)
      const noexcept
      { return __atomic_impl::exchange(this->_M_ptr, __desired, __m); }

      bool
      compare_exchange_weak(value_type& __expected, value_type __desired,
			    memory_order __success,
			    memory_order __failure) const noexcept
      {
	return __atomic_impl::compare_exchange_weak<true>(
		 this->_M_ptr, __expected, __desired, __success, __failure);
      }

      bool
      compare_exchange_strong(value_type& __expected, value_type __desired,
			    memory_order __success,
			    memory_order __failure) const noexcept
      {
	return __atomic_impl::compare_exchange_strong<true>(
		 this->_M_ptr, __expected, __desired, __success, __failure);
      }

      bool
      compare_exchange_weak(value_type& __expected, value_type __desired,
			    memory_order __order = memory_order_seq_cst)
      const noexcept
      {
	return compare_exchange_weak(__expected, __desired, __order,
				     __cmpexch_failure_order(__order));
      }

      bool
      compare_exchange_strong(value_type& __expected, value_type __desired,
			      memory_order __order = memory_order_seq_cst)
      const noexcept
      {
	return compare_exchange_strong(__expected, __desired, __order,
				       __cmpexch_failure_order(__order));
      }

#if __glibcxx_atomic_wait
      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE void
      notify_one() const noexcept
      {
	// TODO remove when volatile is supported
	static_assert(!is_volatile_v<_Tp>,
		      "atomic waits on volatile are not supported");
	__atomic_impl::notify_one(this->_M_ptr);
      }

      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE void
      notify_all() const noexcept
      {
	// TODO remove when volatile is supported
	static_assert(!is_volatile_v<_Tp>,
		      "atomic waits on volatile are not supported");
	__atomic_impl::notify_all(this->_M_ptr);
      }
#endif // __glibcxx_atomic_wait

#if __glibcxx_atomic_ref >= 202603L
      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE constexpr _Address_return_t
      address() const noexcept
      { return this->_M_ptr; }
#endif // __glibcxx_atomic_ref >= 202411L
    };

  template<typename _Tp,
	   bool = is_integral_v<_Tp> && !is_same_v<remove_cv_t<_Tp>, bool>,
	   bool = is_floating_point_v<_Tp>,
	   bool = is_pointer_v<_Tp>>
    struct __atomic_ref;

  // base class for non-integral, non-floating-point, non-pointer types
  template<typename _Tp>
    struct __atomic_ref<_Tp, false, false, false>
      : __atomic_ref_base<_Tp>
    {
      using __atomic_ref_base<_Tp>::__atomic_ref_base;
      using __atomic_ref_base<_Tp>::operator=;
    };

  template<typename _Tp>
    struct __atomic_ref<const _Tp, false, false, false>
      : __atomic_ref_base<const _Tp>
    {
      using __atomic_ref_base<const _Tp>::__atomic_ref_base;
    };

  // base class for atomic_ref<integral-type>
  template<typename _Tp>
    struct __atomic_ref<_Tp, true, false, false>
      : __atomic_ref_base<_Tp>
    {
      using value_type = typename __atomic_ref_base<_Tp>::value_type;
      using difference_type = value_type;

      using __atomic_ref_base<_Tp>::__atomic_ref_base;
      using __atomic_ref_base<_Tp>::operator=;

      value_type
      fetch_add(value_type __i,
		memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept
      { return __atomic_impl::fetch_add(this->_M_ptr, __i, __m); }

      value_type
      fetch_sub(value_type __i,
		memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept
      { return __atomic_impl::fetch_sub(this->_M_ptr, __i, __m); }

      value_type
      fetch_and(value_type __i,
		memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept
      { return __atomic_impl::fetch_and(this->_M_ptr, __i, __m); }

      value_type
      fetch_or(value_type __i,
	       memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept
      { return __atomic_impl::fetch_or(this->_M_ptr, __i, __m); }

      value_type
      fetch_xor(value_type __i,
		memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept
      { return __atomic_impl::fetch_xor(this->_M_ptr, __i, __m); }

#if __glibcxx_atomic_min_max
      value_type
      fetch_min(value_type __i,
		memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept
      { return __atomic_impl::__fetch_min(this->_M_ptr, __i, __m); }

      value_type
      fetch_max(value_type __i,
		memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept
      { return __atomic_impl::__fetch_max(this->_M_ptr, __i, __m); }
#endif

      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE value_type
      operator++(int) const noexcept
      { return fetch_add(1); }

      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE value_type
      operator--(int) const noexcept
      { return fetch_sub(1); }

      value_type
      operator++() const noexcept
      { return __atomic_impl::__add_fetch(this->_M_ptr, value_type(1)); }

      value_type
      operator--() const noexcept
      { return __atomic_impl::__sub_fetch(this->_M_ptr, value_type(1)); }

      value_type
      operator+=(value_type __i) const noexcept
      { return __atomic_impl::__add_fetch(this->_M_ptr, __i); }

      value_type
      operator-=(value_type __i) const noexcept
      { return __atomic_impl::__sub_fetch(this->_M_ptr, __i); }

      value_type
      operator&=(value_type __i) const noexcept
      { return __atomic_impl::__and_fetch(this->_M_ptr, __i); }

      value_type
      operator|=(value_type __i) const noexcept
      { return __atomic_impl::__or_fetch(this->_M_ptr, __i); }

      value_type
      operator^=(value_type __i) const noexcept
      { return __atomic_impl::__xor_fetch(this->_M_ptr, __i); }
    };

  template<typename _Tp>
    struct __atomic_ref<const _Tp, true, false, false>
      : __atomic_ref_base<const _Tp>
    {
      using difference_type = typename __atomic_ref_base<const _Tp>::value_type;
      using __atomic_ref_base<const _Tp>::__atomic_ref_base;
    };

  // base class for atomic_ref<floating-point-type>
  template<typename _Fp>
    struct __atomic_ref<_Fp, false, true, false>
      : __atomic_ref_base<_Fp>
    {
      using value_type = typename __atomic_ref_base<_Fp>::value_type;
      using difference_type = value_type;

      using __atomic_ref_base<_Fp>::__atomic_ref_base;
      using __atomic_ref_base<_Fp>::operator=;

      value_type
      fetch_add(value_type __i,
		memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept
      { return __atomic_impl::__fetch_add_flt(this->_M_ptr, __i, __m); }

      value_type
      fetch_sub(value_type __i,
		memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept
      { return __atomic_impl::__fetch_sub_flt(this->_M_ptr, __i, __m); }

#if __glibcxx_atomic_min_max
      value_type
      fetch_min(value_type __i,
		memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept
      { return __atomic_impl::__fetch_min(this->_M_ptr, __i, __m); }

      value_type
      fetch_max(value_type __i,
		memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept
      { return __atomic_impl::__fetch_max(this->_M_ptr, __i, __m); }
#endif

      value_type
      operator+=(value_type __i) const noexcept
      { return __atomic_impl::__add_fetch_flt(this->_M_ptr, __i); }

      value_type
      operator-=(value_type __i) const noexcept
      { return __atomic_impl::__sub_fetch_flt(this->_M_ptr, __i); }
    };

  template<typename _Fp>
    struct __atomic_ref<const _Fp, false, true, false>
      : __atomic_ref_base<const _Fp>
    {
      using difference_type = typename __atomic_ref_base<const _Fp>::value_type;
      using __atomic_ref_base<const _Fp>::__atomic_ref_base;
    };

  // base class for atomic_ref<pointer-type>
  template<typename _Pt>
    struct __atomic_ref<_Pt, false, false, true>
      : __atomic_ref_base<_Pt>
    {
      using value_type = typename __atomic_ref_base<_Pt>::value_type;
      using difference_type = ptrdiff_t;

      using __atomic_ref_base<_Pt>::__atomic_ref_base;
      using __atomic_ref_base<_Pt>::operator=;
      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE value_type
      fetch_add(difference_type __d,
		memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept
      { return __atomic_impl::fetch_add(this->_M_ptr, _S_type_size(__d), __m); }

      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE value_type
      fetch_sub(difference_type __d,
		memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept
      { return __atomic_impl::fetch_sub(this->_M_ptr, _S_type_size(__d), __m); }

#if __glibcxx_atomic_min_max
      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE value_type
      fetch_min(value_type __i,
		memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept
      { return __atomic_impl::__fetch_min(this->_M_ptr, __i, __m); }

      _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE value_type
      fetch_max(value_type __i,
		memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept
      { return __atomic_impl::__fetch_max(this->_M_ptr, __i, __m); }
#endif

      value_type
      operator++(int) const noexcept
      { return fetch_add(1); }

      value_type
      operator--(int) const noexcept
      { return fetch_sub(1); }

      value_type
      operator++() const noexcept
      {
	return __atomic_impl::__add_fetch(this->_M_ptr, _S_type_size(1));
      }

      value_type
      operator--() const noexcept
      {
	return __atomic_impl::__sub_fetch(this->_M_ptr, _S_type_size(1));
      }

      value_type
      operator+=(difference_type __d) const noexcept
      {
	return __atomic_impl::__add_fetch(this->_M_ptr, _S_type_size(__d));
      }

      value_type
      operator-=(difference_type __d) const noexcept
      {
	return __atomic_impl::__sub_fetch(this->_M_ptr, _S_type_size(__d));
      }

    private:
      static constexpr ptrdiff_t
      _S_type_size(ptrdiff_t __d) noexcept
      {
	using _Et = remove_pointer_t<value_type>;
	static_assert(is_object_v<_Et>);
	return __d * sizeof(_Et);
      }
    };

  template<typename _Pt>
    struct __atomic_ref<const _Pt, false, false, true>
      : __atomic_ref_base<const _Pt>
    {
      using difference_type = ptrdiff_t;
      using __atomic_ref_base<const _Pt>::__atomic_ref_base;
    };
#endif // C++2a

  /// @endcond

  /// @} group atomics

_GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
} // namespace std

#endif
